Social Entrepreneurship amid COVID-19 Pandemic Uncertainties
Keywords:
Social Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurs, COVID-19, Social Mission, EnterpriseAbstract
The impact brought by COVID-19 has been felt worldwide and has stricken companies and individuals. While increasing studies have been explored to different sectors as a response, still few studies focused on its effects on the social entrepreneurship sector. The objective of this paper is to examine how the Coronavirus affects social entrepreneurs. Secondary sources were used to develop a conceptual basis in addressing the following queries: the extent the COVID-19 impacts social enterprises, challenges, and opportunities brought by the crisis, and the resilient strategies and innovation platforms to curve down the virus and sustain social entrepreneurship even beyond the pandemic. Discussions also extend to mission drift, the social and economic impact of the crisis on the sector, and mission agility. However, this study recognized that a wider investigation should be done to affirm or solidify the conceptual claims raised.
References
Bacq, S., & Janssen, F. (2011). The multiple faces of social entrepreneurship: A review of definitional issues based on geographical and thematic criteria. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 23(5-6), 373-403.
Bacq, S., & Lumpkin, G.T. (2020). Social Entrepreneurship and COVID-19. Journal of Management Studies, 58(1), 285-288.
Bacq, S., Geoghegan, W., Josefy, M., Stevenson, R., & Williams, T.A. (2020) The COVID-19 Virtual Idea Blitz: Marshaling Social Entrepreneurship to Rapidly Respond to Urgent Grand Challenges. Business Horizons, 63(6), 705–723.
Battilana, J. (2018). Cracking the Organizational Challenge of Pursuing Joint Social and Financial Goals: Social Enterprise as a Laboratory to Understand Hybrid Organizing. Management, 21(4), 1278–1305.
Battilana, J., Besharov, M., & Mitzinneck, B. (2017). On Hybrids and Hybrid Organizing: A Review and Roadmap for Future Research.†Chap. 5 in The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism, edited by R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, T. B. Lawrence, and R. E. Meyer, 128–162. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Battilana, J., Lee, M., Walker, J., & Dorsey, C. (2012). In Search of the Hybrid Ideal. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 10(3). Retrieved March 3, 2021, from: https://ssir.org/articles/entry/in_search_of_the_hybrid_ideal#
BBC News. (2020). Coronavirus: US workers seeking jobless aid near 40 million. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52758493.
Bornstein, D. (2004). How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas. New York: Oxford University Press.
Brown, R., Rocha, A., & Cowling, M. (2020). Financing Entrepreneurship in Times of Crisis: Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on the Market for Entrepreneurial Finance in the United Kingdom. International Small Business Journal 38(5), 380–390.
Cornforth, C. (2014). Understanding and Combating Mission Drift in Social Enterprises. Social Enterprise Journal, 10(1), 3–20.
Dees, J.G. (2001). The Meaning of “Social Entrepreneurshipâ€. Comments and suggestions contributed from the Social Entrepreneurship Founders Working Group. Durham, NC: Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University. Retrieved 26th November 2021, from http://www.caseatduke.org/documents/dees_sedef.pdf
Ebrahim, A., Battilana, J., & Mair, J. (2014). The Governance of Social Enterprises: Mission Drift and Accountability Challenges in Hybrid Organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 34, 1–100.
Giones, F., Brem, A., Pollack, J.M., Michaelis, T.L., Klyver, K., & Brinckmann, J. (2020). Revising Entrepreneurial Action in Response to Exogenous Shocks: Considering the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Business Venturing Insights 14: e00186.
Gong, F., Xiong, Y., Xiao, J., Lin, L., Liu, X., Wang, D., & Li, X. (2020). China’s Local Governments Are Combating COVID-19 with Unprecedented Responses—from a Wenzhou Governance Perspective. Frontiers of Medicine, 14(2), 220–224.
Gur, F. A., Bendickson, J.S., Madden, L., & McDowell, W.C. (2020). Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition in the Face of Disasters. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26(4), 671–693.
Hynes, B. (2009). Growing the Social Enterprise–Issues and Challenges. Social Enterprise Journal, 5(2), 114–125.
Kelly, J. (2020). About 40 million Americans are now unemployed – we desperately need a plan before it’s too late. Retrieved February 26, 2021, from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackkelly/2020/05/21/40-million-americans-are-now-unemployed-we-desperately-need-a-plan-before-its-too-late/#23ff71e022fb.
Kuckertz, A., Brande, L., Gaudig, A., Hinderer, S., Reyes, C.A.M., Prochotta, A., Steinbrink, K.M., & Berger, E.S.C. (2020). Startups in Times of Crisis – a Rapid Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 13: e00169.
Leadbeater, C. (1997). The Rise of the Social Entrepreneur. London: Demos
Liguori, E. W., & Winkler, C. (2020). From Offline to Online: Challenges and Opportunities for Entrepreneurship Education following the Covid-19 Pandemic. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy Journal, 3(4), 346–351.
Littlewood, D., & Khan, Z. (2018). Insights from a systematic review of literature on social enterprise and networks: Where, how, and what next? Social Enterprise Journal, 14(4), 390-409. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-11-2018-068
Lyons, T. S., & Kickul, J.R. (2013). The Social Enterprise Financing Landscape: The Lay of the Land and New Research on the Horizon. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 3(2), 147–159.
Mair, J., Battilana, J., & Cardenas, J. (2012). Organizing for Society: A Typology of Social Entrepreneuring Models. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(3), 353–373.
Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 36-44.
Mair, J., and Marti, I. (2009). Entrepreneurship in and around Institutional Voids: A Case Study from Bangladesh. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 419–435.
Meyskens, M., Robb–Post, C., Stamp, J. A., Carsrud, A. L., & Reynolds, P. D. (2010). Social Ventures from a Resource-Based Perspective: An Exploratory Study Assessing Global Ashoka Fellows. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(4), 661–680.
Ratten, V. (2020). Coronavirus (Covid-19) and Social Value co-Creation. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. doi:10.1108/IJSSP-06-2020-0237.
Teasdale, S., Sunley, P., & Pinch, S. (2012). Financing Social Enterprise: social Bricolage or Evolutionary Entrepreneurialism? Social Enterprise Journal, 8 (2), 108–122.
Weaver, R. L. (2017). Social enterprise and the capability approach: examining the quest to humanize business (Doctoral dissertation). Rutgers University-Camden Graduate School).
Weaver, R. L. (2019). Social Enterprise and the Capability Approach: Exploring How Social Enterprises Are Humanizing Business. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 32(5), 1–26.
Zraick, K., & Garcia, S. (2020). Canceled because of Coronavirus: A brief list. Retrieved March 12, 2021, from: https://www.nytimes.com/article/cancelled-events-coronavirus.html.